{
  "meta": {
    "generated": "2026-09-08",
    "license": "CC BY 4.0",
    "rows": 116,
    "sources": [
      "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
      "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98",
      "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17",
      "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82",
      "https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2",
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      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1961-07-31",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State: bound by the 2019 Judgments Convention and the 2005 Choice of Court Convention through the European Union's accession/approval (REIO), not by individual ratification; HCCH status table lists it as 'A EU *' / 'Ap EU *'. 2019 Convention in force for EU (minus Denmark) 2023-09-01; 2005 Convention in force for EU (minus Denmark) 2015-10-01."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Belgium",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1975-11-16",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State: bound by the 2019 Judgments Convention and the 2005 Choice of Court Convention through the European Union's accession/approval (REIO), not by individual ratification; HCCH status table lists it as 'A EU *' / 'Ap EU *'. 2019 Convention in force for EU (minus Denmark) 2023-09-01; 2005 Convention in force for EU (minus Denmark) 2015-10-01."
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    {
      "jurisdiction": "Bulgaria",
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      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
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      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1962-01-08",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State: bound by the 2019 Judgments Convention and the 2005 Choice of Court Convention through the European Union's accession/approval (REIO), not by individual ratification; HCCH status table lists it as 'A EU *' / 'Ap EU *'. 2019 Convention in force for EU (minus Denmark) 2023-09-01; 2005 Convention in force for EU (minus Denmark) 2015-10-01."
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    {
      "jurisdiction": "Croatia",
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      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
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      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1991-10-08",
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      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
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    {
      "jurisdiction": "Cyprus",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
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      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1981-03-29",
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      "hcch_member": "yes",
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      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
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    {
      "jurisdiction": "Czechia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
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      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
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      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1993-01-01",
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      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Denmark",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1973-03-22",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies by parallel agreement",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; own signature",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State but NOT bound by the 2019 Judgments Convention: Denmark's Protocol No 22 opt-out means the EU accession does not extend to it, and Denmark is absent from the cid=137 status table. Denmark acceded to the 2005 Choice of Court Convention in its own right (deposited 2018-05-30, in force 2018-09-01). Denmark's Article 21 declaration of 30 May 2018 under the 2005 Convention excludes insurance contracts, with exceptions for reinsurance, post-dispute agreements and large commercial risks, and provides that the Convention shall not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland. The in force cell is therefore true of Denmark proper and overstates the territorial and subject-matter scope."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Estonia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
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      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1993-11-28",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Finland",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1962-04-19",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "France",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1959-09-24",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Germany",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
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      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
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      "jurisdiction": "Greece",
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      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
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      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
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    {
      "jurisdiction": "Hungary",
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      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
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      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Ireland",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
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      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1981-08-10",
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      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Italy",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
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      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1969-05-01",
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      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
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      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Latvia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
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      "hague_service_1965": "party",
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      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
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      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Lithuania",
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      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
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      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1995-06-12",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Luxembourg",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1983-12-08",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Malta",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2000-09-20",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Netherlands",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1964-07-23",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Poland",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1962-01-01",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Portugal",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1995-01-16",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Romania",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1961-12-12",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Slovakia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1993-01-01",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Slovenia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1991-06-25",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Spain",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1977-08-10",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Sweden",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1972-04-27",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "applies",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; through the European Union",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "EU Member State; bound to both HCCH judgments instruments via EU accession (see Austria note)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "United Kingdom",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2025-07-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1975-12-23",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Post-Brexit: acceded to the 2019 Judgments Convention in its own right (in force 2025-07-01) and re-acceded to the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (HCCH records continuous application from 2015-10-01)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "United States",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1970-12-29",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Signed both the 2019 Judgments Convention (2022-03-02) and the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (2009-01-19); neither ratified. Party to Service, Evidence and the New York Convention."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Canada",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1986-08-10",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Australia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1975-06-24",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "New Zealand",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1983-04-06",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Switzerland",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1965-08-30",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; contracting party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Acceded to the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (in force 2025-01-01). Not a party to the 2019 Judgments Convention."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Norway",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1961-06-12",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; contracting party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Iceland",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2002-04-24",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; contracting party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Liechtenstein",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2011-10-05",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Andorra",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2026-06-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2015-09-17",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Acceded to the 2019 Judgments Convention, in force 2026-06-01."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Monaco",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1982-08-31",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Acceded to the 2005 Choice of Court Convention, in force 2026-03-01. Not a party to the 2019 Judgments Convention."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "San Marino",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1979-08-15",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Ukraine",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1961-01-08",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Ratified the 2019 Judgments Convention (in force 2023-09-01) and the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (in force 2023-08-01)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Turkey",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1992-09-30",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Israel",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1959-06-07",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Signed both the 2019 Judgments Convention (2021-03-03) and the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (2021-03-03); neither ratified."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Russia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1960-11-22",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Signed the 2019 Judgments Convention (2021-11-17); not ratified."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Belarus",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1961-02-13",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Serbia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1992-04-27",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Albania",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2026-03-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2001-09-25",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Ratified the 2019 Judgments Convention (in force 2026-03-01) and the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (in force 2024-10-01)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Montenegro",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2026-03-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2006-06-03",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Ratified the 2019 Judgments Convention (in force 2026-03-01) and the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (in force 2018-08-01)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "North Macedonia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1991-11-17",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Signed the 2019 Judgments Convention (2023-05-16), not ratified; party to the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (in force 2025-03-01)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Bosnia and Herzegovina",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1992-03-06",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Kosovo",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Listed on both HCCH judgments status tables as a signatory (19-IX-2024) but not a Contracting Party; not an HCCH Member; not listed by UNCITRAL as a New York Convention party."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Moldova",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1998-12-17",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Acceded to the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (in force 2024-07-01)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Georgia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1994-08-31",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Armenia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1998-03-29",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Azerbaijan",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2000-05-29",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Kazakhstan",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1996-02-18",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Uzbekistan",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1996-05-07",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Mongolia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1995-01-22",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "China",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1987-04-22",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Signed the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (2017-09-12); not ratified. Not a signatory of the 2019 Judgments Convention."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Hong Kong SAR",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1997-07-01",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Not a separate contracting party. The 1965 Service Convention (in force for Hong Kong 1970-07-19) and the 1970 Evidence Convention (in force 1978-08-22) were extended by the UK and continue to apply to the HKSAR; the New York Convention applies by China's territorial extension from 1997-07-01 (UNCITRAL note (h)). Neither HCCH judgments instrument applies."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Macao SAR",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2005-07-19",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Not a separate contracting party. The 1965 Service Convention was extended to Macao by Portugal with effect from 1999-04-12 and the 1970 Evidence Convention from 1999-12-14; China notified the depositary that both apply to the Macao SAR with effect from 1999-12-20 and assumed the resulting international rights and obligations, with declarations of its own for the territory. The New York Convention was extended to Macao SAR by China with effect from 2005-07-19 (UNCITRAL note (h)). Neither HCCH judgments instrument applies."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Japan",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1961-09-18",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "South Korea",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1973-05-09",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "India",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1960-10-11",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Pakistan",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2005-10-12",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Bangladesh",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1992-08-04",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Sri Lanka",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1962-07-08",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Singapore",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1986-11-19",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Ratified the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (in force 2016-10-01). Not a party to the 2019 Judgments Convention."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Malaysia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1986-02-03",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Indonesia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1982-01-05",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Philippines",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1967-10-04",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Vietnam",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1995-12-11",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Thailand",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1960-03-20",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Brazil",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2002-09-05",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Mexico",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1971-07-13",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Acceded to the 2005 Choice of Court Convention in 2007; entry into force 2015-10-01 with the Convention itself."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Argentina",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1989-06-12",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Chile",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1975-12-03",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Colombia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1979-12-24",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Peru",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1988-10-05",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Uruguay",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2024-10-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1983-06-28",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Ratified the 2019 Judgments Convention (in force 2024-10-01). Not a party to the 2005 Choice of Court Convention."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Paraguay",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1998-01-06",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Ecuador",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1962-04-03",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Costa Rica",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "signed not ratified",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1988-01-24",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Signed the 2019 Judgments Convention (2021-09-16) and the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (2025-03-05); neither ratified."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Panama",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1985-01-08",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Nicaragua",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2003-12-23",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Honduras",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2001-01-01",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Guatemala",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1984-06-19",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "El Salvador",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1998-05-27",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Dominican Republic",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2002-07-10",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Suriname",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2023-02-08",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Venezuela",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1995-05-09",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "South Africa",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1976-08-01",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Namibia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "HCCH Member but not a party to any of the four listed conventions; notably NOT a party to the New York Convention (absent from the UNCITRAL status list)."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Botswana",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1972-03-19",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Zambia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2002-06-12",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Zimbabwe",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1994-12-28",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Malawi",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2021-06-02",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Mauritius",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1996-09-17",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Seychelles",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2020-05-03",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Ghana",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1968-07-08",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Nigeria",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1970-06-15",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Kenya",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1989-05-11",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Uganda",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1992-05-12",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Tanzania",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1965-01-11",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Party to the New York Convention as the United Republic of Tanzania; not a party to any HCCH instrument listed and not an HCCH Member."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Rwanda",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2009-01-29",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Burkina Faso",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1987-06-21",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Egypt",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1959-06-07",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Morocco",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1959-06-07",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Tunisia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1967-10-15",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Saudi Arabia",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1994-07-18",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "UAE",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2006-11-19",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Qatar",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2003-03-30",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Bahrain",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1988-07-05",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Acceded to the 2005 Choice of Court Convention (in force 2025-07-01) although not an HCCH Member."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Jordan",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "1980-02-13",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Fiji",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2010-12-26",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "Papua New Guinea",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "not a party",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "not a party",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "2019-10-15",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "not applicable",
      "lugano_2007": "not a party",
      "hcch_member": "no",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "No convention-specific caveat; statuses read directly from the HCCH and UNCITRAL status tables."
    },
    {
      "jurisdiction": "European Union",
      "hague_judgments_2019": "in force",
      "hague_judgments_in_force_from": "2023-09-01",
      "hague_choice_of_court_2005": "in force",
      "hague_service_1965": "not a party",
      "hague_evidence_1970": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_1958": "not a party",
      "ny_convention_in_force_from": "",
      "brussels_ia_1215_2012": "the instrument itself",
      "lugano_2007": "in force; contracting party",
      "hcch_member": "yes",
      "source_url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17 | https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82 | https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members | https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32012R1215 | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:22007A1221(03)",
      "source_date": "2026-08-20",
      "note": "Regional Economic Integration Organization and HCCH Member. Approved the 2005 Convention (in force 2015-10-01) and acceded to the 2019 Convention (in force 2023-09-01); both bind all Member States except Denmark for the 2019 Convention. The EU is not itself a party to the 1965/1970 Conventions or the New York Convention."
    }
  ]
}