{
 "meta": {
  "title": "The Ledger",
  "note": "Every figure Conflicts & Capital publishes, with the source relied on and the date it was checked. Counts drawn from the published dataset are recomputed from the file itself before a release is packaged, so this page and the dataset cannot drift apart. Where the prose renders a figure differently from the canonical form, the alternative is recorded as an alias. The check is a substring match against the rendered site and the dataset: it catches a figure that has been changed, dropped, or never printed, but it does not prove that the occurrence it matched is the intended one.",
  "generated": "2026-09-29",
  "license": "CC BY 4.0",
  "count": 111
 },
 "entries": [
  {
   "id": "n",
   "figure": "116",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions in the Release 01 dataset, each with every cell sourced and dated.",
   "basis": "Count of rows in the published CSV.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "116 rows",
    "116 entries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ny",
   "figure": "113",
   "claim": "Of the 116 surveyed jurisdictions, party to the 1958 New York Convention on the recognition and enforcement of arbitral awards.",
   "basis": "Counted from the UNCITRAL status table.",
   "source": "UNCITRAL, Status: New York Convention (1958)",
   "url": "https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief",
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "113/116"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ny-pct",
   "figure": "98 percent",
   "claim": "The share of the 115 states and territories in Release 01 bound by Article III of the 1958 New York Convention: 113 of 115. Stated on that denominator because the European Union row could never have been in the numerator.",
   "basis": "Recomputed from the release dataset, excluding the European Union row.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj",
   "figure": "33",
   "claim": "Of the 116 surveyed jurisdictions, with the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention in force.",
   "basis": "Counted from the HCCH status table for Convention No. 41.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 41 (2019 Judgments Convention)",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "33/116"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "pair-n",
   "figure": "13,104",
   "claim": "Ordered pairs of origin and destination among the 115 states and territories in Release 01, excluding the three pairs among China, Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR, which are territorial units of one State.",
   "basis": "115 x 114, less 6 ordered same-State pairs.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-09-01",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "13104"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "pair-award",
   "figure": "12,650",
   "claim": "Ordered pairs on which an arbitral award has a route under the 1958 New York Convention, both ends being party. That is 97 percent of the 13,104.",
   "basis": "Recomputed over all ordered pairs from the ny_convention_1958 column.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-09-01",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "12650",
    "97 percent"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "pair-judg",
   "figure": "1,212",
   "claim": "Ordered pairs on which a judgment has a treaty route, counting the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention, Brussels Ia and the 2007 Lugano Convention. That is 9 percent of the 13,104.",
   "basis": "Recomputed over all ordered pairs; a pair counts where both ends have the 2019 Convention in force, or both are bound by Brussels Ia, or both by Lugano.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-09-01",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "1212",
    "9 percent"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "pair-forum",
   "figure": "430",
   "claim": "Further ordered pairs on which a judgment reaches the destination only where the parties made an exclusive choice of court, both ends being party to the 2005 Convention. With these the judgment figure is 12 percent.",
   "basis": "Recomputed over all ordered pairs from the hague_choice_of_court_2005 column, on pairs with no route under the three instruments counted above.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-09-01",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "un-members",
   "figure": "193",
   "claim": "UN Member States, used as the rough world denominator against which the New York Convention’s 172 is stated.",
   "basis": "The membership of the United Nations, stated as approximate because this column does not maintain it and it is not part of either dataset.",
   "source": "United Nations, Member States",
   "url": "https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states",
   "checked": "2026-09-01",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-either",
   "figure": "40",
   "claim": "States and territories in Release 01 with a Hague treaty route for a judgment, counting the 2019 Judgments Convention and the 2005 Choice of Court Convention, whose Article 8 is itself an enforcement obligation. That is 35 percent of the 115; adding the 2007 Lugano Convention makes it 42, or 37 percent.",
   "basis": "Recomputed from the published CSV over the 115 states and territories.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-09-01",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "37 percent"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-pct",
   "figure": "28",
   "claim": "Percent of the surveyed jurisdictions with the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention in force.",
   "basis": "32 of the 115 states and territories, rounded to the nearest whole percent. That is the denominator the page states the comparison on, because the European Union row cannot be a party to the New York Convention and so cannot sit on both sides of it. On all 116 rows the figure is 33 of 116, which also rounds to 28.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 41",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-signed",
   "figure": "6",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions that have signed the 2019 Convention without ratifying it. Signature is not reach.",
   "basis": "Counted from the HCCH status table for Convention No. 41.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 41",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hcc",
   "figure": "39",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions with the 2005 Hague Choice of Court Convention in force. An exclusive forum clause travels slightly further than a judgment.",
   "basis": "Counted from the HCCH status table for Convention No. 37.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 37 (2005 Choice of Court Convention)",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "svc",
   "figure": "79",
   "claim": "Entries in the Release 01 table where the 1965 Hague Service Convention is in force.",
   "basis": "Counted from the HCCH status table for Convention No. 14, plus the Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR rows, to which the Convention applies by extension rather than by their own accession.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 14 (1965 Service Convention)",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "evd",
   "figure": "69",
   "claim": "Entries in the Release 01 table where the 1970 Hague Evidence Convention is in force. It is easier to start a cross-border case than to collect on one.",
   "basis": "Counted from the HCCH status table for Convention No. 20, plus the Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR rows, to which the Convention applies by extension.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 20 (1970 Evidence Convention)",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "cells",
   "figure": "812",
   "claim": "Status cells in the Release 01 matrix: 116 entries by 7 instruments.",
   "basis": "116 rows by 7 instrument columns, being the five multilateral instruments plus Brussels Ia and the 2007 Lugano Convention. The size of the matrix, not a count of distinct sources.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "fdi-force",
   "figure": "July 16, 2026",
   "claim": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1386 on the screening of foreign investments entered into force.",
   "basis": "The 20th day following publication in the Official Journal of June 26, 2026.",
   "source": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1386, OJ L, 2026/1386, 26.6.2026",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "fdi-applies",
   "figure": "January 17, 2028",
   "claim": "The date from which Regulation (EU) 2026/1386 applies, repealing Regulation (EU) 2019/452. Nothing is bound before it.",
   "basis": "Application date stated in the Regulation.",
   "source": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1386, OJ L, 2026/1386, 26.6.2026",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "callin-min",
   "figure": "15 months",
   "claim": "The floor on the own-initiative review period a Member State must provide after completion, where the investment was not subject to a prior authorization requirement.",
   "basis": "Art. 4(4): where a foreign investment falls within the scope of the national mechanism and is not subject to a prior authorization requirement, the screening authority must be able to open a review on its own initiative for at least 15 months and up to a maximum of five years after completion.",
   "source": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1386, art. 4(4)",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1386/oj/eng",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "brief"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "15-month",
    "15 months",
    "15 mo"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "callin-max",
   "figure": "five years",
   "claim": "The ceiling on that same own-initiative period. Each Member State elects a figure between the 15-month floor and this maximum.",
   "basis": "Art. 4(4). The ceiling applies to investments not subject to a prior authorization requirement; the art. 4(5) period for unfiled notifiable investments has no ceiling.",
   "source": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1386, art. 4(4)",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1386/oj/eng",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "callin-late",
   "figure": "24-month",
   "claim": "The separate floor where an investment that was subject to a prior authorization requirement was not filed, or was filed only after completion. The Regulation sets no maximum for it. Slovenia already carries exactly this period; no EU row in Release 02 falls below it.",
   "basis": "Art. 4(5): at least 24 months from completion, with no stated maximum.",
   "source": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1386, art. 4(5)",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1386/oj/eng",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief",
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "24",
    "24 months"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "xella",
   "figure": "C-106/22",
   "claim": "Xella Magyarország: the Court held the acquisition fell outside Regulation (EU) 2019/452 because the acquirer was incorporated in a Member State, and that the national veto restricted freedom of establishment. It is the authority refusing to look through to ultimate control under the old Regulation, which is the gap the 2026 Regulation closes.",
   "basis": "Judgment of July 13, 2023, ECLI:EU:C:2023:568.",
   "source": "Court of Justice, Case C-106/22, ECLI:EU:C:2023:568",
   "url": "https://curia.europa.eu/juris/liste.jsf?num=C-106/22",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "romeii-applies",
   "figure": "January 11, 2009",
   "claim": "The date from which Regulation (EC) No 864/2007 (Rome II) applies.",
   "basis": "Art. 32, as construed in Case C-412/10, Homawoo v. GMF Assurances SA, ECLI:EU:C:2011:747.",
   "source": "Regulation (EC) No 864/2007, art. 32; Case C-412/10",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2007/864/oj/eng",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "cornerstone"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "2009"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "romeii-states",
   "figure": "26 of 27",
   "claim": "EU Member States bound by Rome II. Denmark is not.",
   "basis": "Denmark’s position under Protocol No. 22.",
   "source": "Regulation (EC) No 864/2007, recital 40",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2007/864/oj/eng",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "cornerstone"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hague73",
   "figure": "seven",
   "claim": "EU Member States bound by the 1973 Hague Products Liability Convention, which Rome II art. 28(1) preserves against the art. 5 cascade.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for the 1973 Convention, counting Member States of the European Union.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 22 (1973 Products Liability Convention)",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=84",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "cornerstone"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-albania",
   "figure": "March 1, 2026",
   "claim": "The 2019 Hague Judgments Convention entered into force for Albania and Montenegro.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for Convention No. 41.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 41",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief",
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "Mar 1, 2026"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-andorra",
   "figure": "June 1, 2026",
   "claim": "The 2019 Hague Judgments Convention entered into force for Andorra.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for Convention No. 41.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 41",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief",
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "Jun 1, 2026"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-uk",
   "figure": "July 1, 2025",
   "claim": "The 2019 Hague Judgments Convention entered into force for the United Kingdom.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for Convention No. 41.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 41",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "Jul 1, 2025"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-uruguay",
   "figure": "October 1, 2024",
   "claim": "The 2019 Hague Judgments Convention entered into force for Uruguay.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for Convention No. 41.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 41",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "Oct 1, 2024"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-eu",
   "figure": "September 1, 2023",
   "claim": "The 2019 Hague Judgments Convention entered into force for the European Union, other than Denmark, and Ukraine.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for Convention No. 41.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 41",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "Sep 1, 2023"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-us",
   "figure": "2022",
   "claim": "The United States signed the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention and has not ratified it. Where the assets sit still decides whether a judgment is worth anything.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for Convention No. 41.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table, Convention No. 41",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief",
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ea-value",
   "figure": "$55 billion",
   "claim": "The value of the PIF, Silver Lake and Affinity Partners take-private of Electronic Arts.",
   "basis": "As reported. The Commission’s case record carries the notification, Case M.12213; the clearance decision was not on the public register when this was checked, so nothing here is stated as unconditional on the strength of that record.",
   "source": "European Commission, Case M.12213",
   "url": "https://competition-cases.ec.europa.eu/cases/M.12213",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ea-date",
   "figure": "July 23, 2026",
   "claim": "The date reported for the European Commission’s clearance of the Electronic Arts take-private. Not confirmed against the Commission’s public case register.",
   "basis": "Press reporting alone. The clearance decision was not on the Commission’s public case register when this was checked, so the date rests on reporting and not on the record. The fact of clearance rests on Electronic Arts' own Form 8-K of July 30, 2026, which is a separate entry.",
   "source": "Press reporting; not confirmed against European Commission, Case M.12213",
   "url": "https://competition-cases.ec.europa.eu/cases/M.12213",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "aiact-50",
   "figure": "August 2, 2026",
   "claim": "The date the AI Act’s Article 50 transparency obligations began to apply, and the date the AI Act entered Annex I of the Representative Actions Directive, so an alleged breach became a basis for a collective action.",
   "basis": "Application date in art. 113 of the AI Act; listing in Annex I of Directive (EU) 2020/1828.",
   "source": "Regulation (EU) 2024/1689 (AI Act), arts. 50 and 113; Directive (EU) 2020/1828, Annex I",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32024R1689",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "n-states",
   "figure": "115",
   "claim": "States and territories in the Release 01 dataset. The 116th row is the European Union, listed as a Regional Economic Integration Organization because it is the contracting party through which its Member States are bound.",
   "basis": "116 rows less the European Union row.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 01, cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-states",
   "figure": "32",
   "claim": "States and territories, excluding the European Union row, with the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention in force. The all-rows figure is 33.",
   "basis": "33 rows in force less the European Union row.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table for Convention No. 41",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hcc-states",
   "figure": "38",
   "claim": "States and territories, excluding the European Union row, with the 2005 Hague Choice of Court Convention in force. The all-rows figure is 39.",
   "basis": "39 rows in force less the European Union row.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table for Convention No. 37",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "data-retrieved",
   "figure": "August 20, 2026",
   "claim": "The date every cell in Release 01 was read from its primary status table. Each row carries it in the source_date column.",
   "basis": "Retrieval date recorded in the dataset.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 01",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ea-notified",
   "figure": "June 16, 2026",
   "claim": "The date the European Commission received prior notification of the Electronic Arts acquisition, Case M.12213.",
   "basis": "Prior notification of a concentration, Case M.12213, PIF / ELECTRONIC ARTS, OJ C, 1.7.2026.",
   "source": "European Commission, Case M.12213",
   "url": "https://competition-cases.ec.europa.eu/cases/M.12213",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ea-closed",
   "figure": "August 4, 2026",
   "claim": "The date the Electronic Arts take-private completed.",
   "basis": "Electronic Arts Inc., Form 8-K filed August 4, 2026, and the parties’ announcements of the same date.",
   "source": "Electronic Arts Inc., Form 8-K (Aug. 4, 2026)",
   "url": "https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000712515&type=8-K&dateb=&owner=include&count=40",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ea-approvals",
   "figure": "July 30, 2026",
   "claim": "The date Electronic Arts reported that every regulatory approval required to complete the merger had been obtained.",
   "basis": "Electronic Arts Inc., Form 8-K filed July 30, 2026.",
   "source": "Electronic Arts Inc., Form 8-K (July 30, 2026)",
   "url": "https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000712515&type=8-K&dateb=&owner=include&count=40",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "aiact-legacy",
   "figure": "December 2, 2026",
   "claim": "The end of the four-month transitional period for AI systems already placed on the market before August 2, 2026 to meet the Article 50(2) marking obligation.",
   "basis": "Art. 111(4) of Regulation (EU) 2024/1689, as inserted by Regulation (EU) 2026/1744 (Digital Omnibus on AI); recital 38.",
   "source": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1744, OJ L, 2026/1744, 24.7.2026",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1744/oj/eng",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "croatia",
   "figure": "July 1, 2013",
   "claim": "The date Croatia acceded to the European Union, and so the date from which Rome II has applied there.",
   "basis": "Treaty of Accession of Croatia, in force July 1, 2013.",
   "source": "Treaty concerning the accession of the Republic of Croatia, OJ L 112, 24.4.2012",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ:L:2012:112:TOC",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "cornerstone"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "rpld",
   "figure": "December 9, 2026",
   "claim": "The date by which Member States must transpose the Revised Product Liability Directive, and from which it applies to products placed on the market after that date.",
   "basis": "Directive (EU) 2024/2853, arts. 22 and 2(1).",
   "source": "Directive (EU) 2024/2853",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024L2853",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "cornerstone"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "rpld32",
   "figure": "December 9, 2032",
   "claim": "The earliest closing date at which all four units drawn on the tail chart sit inside Directive (EU) 2024/2853. The chart’s earliest unit ships six years before closing, and the Directive reaches only products placed on the market or put into service after December 9, 2026, so December 9, 2026 plus six years is the first closing on which no bar falls under Directive 85/374/EEC.",
   "basis": "Arithmetic on the chart’s own stated release schedule and the application date in Directive (EU) 2024/2853, art. 2(1): 2026 + 6 = 2032.",
   "source": "Directive (EU) 2024/2853, art. 2(1); this column’s chart construction",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32024L2853",
   "checked": "2026-09-01",
   "where": [
    "cornerstone"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ny-world",
   "figure": "172",
   "claim": "States parties to the 1958 New York Convention worldwide. 113 of them are in this column’s Release 01 sample.",
   "basis": "UNCITRAL status page: “Parties: 172”.",
   "source": "UNCITRAL, Status: Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards (New York, 1958)",
   "url": "https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "svc-world",
   "figure": "84",
   "claim": "Contracting Parties to the 1965 Hague Service Convention worldwide. 77 of them are in the Release 01 sample, which also carries Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR as rows of their own, making 79 rows.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for Convention No. 14: “Number of Contracting Parties to this Convention: 84”.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table for Convention No. 14",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "evd-world",
   "figure": "69",
   "claim": "Contracting Parties to the 1970 Hague Evidence Convention worldwide. 67 of them are in the Release 01 sample, which also carries Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR as rows of their own, making 69 rows.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for Convention No. 20: “Number of Contracting Parties to this Convention: 69”.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table for Convention No. 20",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hcch-members",
   "figure": "94",
   "aliases": [],
   "claim": "Members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law in the Release 01 sample: 93 states and the European Union.",
   "basis": "hcch_member column of the published dataset, read against the HCCH Members list.",
   "source": "HCCH, Members",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "dk-2005",
   "figure": "September 1, 2018",
   "claim": "The date the 2005 Hague Choice of Court Convention entered into force for Denmark by its own accession, rather than through the European Union’s approval.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for Convention No. 37, Denmark: accession deposited May 30, 2018, entry into force September 1, 2018.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table for Convention No. 37",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "sample-nonhcch",
   "figure": "22",
   "claim": "Entries in the Release 01 sample that are not Members of the Hague Conference but recur as deal counterparties, guarantors, or asset locations.",
   "basis": "Rows where the hcch_member column reads “no”: 116 less the 94 HCCH Members.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 01",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ny-in-sample",
   "figure": "111",
   "claim": "States parties to the 1958 New York Convention represented in the Release 01 sample, once Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR are set aside as territorial units of China rather than separate states parties. The row count is 113.",
   "basis": "113 rows reading “party”, less the Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR rows, which UNCITRAL treats as territorial extensions of China under note (h).",
   "source": "UNCITRAL, Status: New York Convention (1958)",
   "url": "https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "svc-in-sample",
   "figure": "77",
   "claim": "Contracting Parties to the 1965 Hague Service Convention represented in the Release 01 sample, once the Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR rows are set aside as territorial units. The row count is 79.",
   "basis": "79 rows reading “party”, less the Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR rows, to which the Convention applies through the pre-handover extensions by the United Kingdom and Portugal respectively, continued by China.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table for Convention No. 14",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "evd-in-sample",
   "figure": "67",
   "claim": "Contracting Parties to the 1970 Hague Evidence Convention represented in the Release 01 sample, once the Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR rows are set aside as territorial units. The row count is 69.",
   "basis": "69 rows reading “party”, less the Hong Kong SAR and Macao SAR rows.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table for Convention No. 20",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hk-handover",
   "figure": "July 1, 1997",
   "claim": "The date from which the 1965 and 1970 Conventions continue to apply to the Hong Kong SAR following the United Kingdom’s extensions, and from which the New York Convention applies there by China’s territorial extension.",
   "basis": "UNCITRAL note (h) to the New York Convention status table; HCCH status tables for Conventions 14 and 20 read with China’s notifications.",
   "source": "UNCITRAL, Status: New York Convention (1958), note (h)",
   "url": "https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "macao-ny",
   "figure": "July 19, 2005",
   "claim": "The date from which the 1958 New York Convention applies to the Macao SAR by China’s territorial extension.",
   "basis": "UNCITRAL note (h) to the New York Convention status table.",
   "source": "UNCITRAL, Status: New York Convention (1958), note (h)",
   "url": "https://uncitral.un.org/en/texts/arbitration/conventions/foreign_arbitral_awards/status2",
   "checked": "2026-08-20",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "eu-ms",
   "figure": "27",
   "claim": "Member States of the European Union, each of which must operate a screening mechanism meeting the Regulation’s minimum scope once it applies.",
   "basis": "Membership of the Union at the date checked, read with art. 3 of Regulation (EU) 2026/1386.",
   "source": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1386, OJ L, 2026/1386, 26.6.2026",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1386/oj/eng",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "brief"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "eu-bound-2019",
   "figure": "26",
   "claim": "Member States bound by the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention through the Union’s accession. Denmark is not among them.",
   "basis": "27 Member States less Denmark, whose Protocol No. 22 position keeps the Convention from extending to it.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table for Convention No. 41",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=137",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-n",
   "figure": "54",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions in Release 02, each classified on one question: how long after completion a screening authority can still reach the deal.",
   "basis": "Row count of post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv. Every row verified against a primary instrument.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-window",
   "figure": "4",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions where a period runs from completion and closes, so a buyer has a date after which the deal is safe.",
   "basis": "Rows classified window: Australia, Germany, Hungary, Slovenia.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-reach",
   "figure": "44",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions in Release 02 with a power that can reach a completed transaction. The remaining 10 have no post-closing screening power at all.",
   "basis": "54 rows less the 10 classified none.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-gap",
   "figure": "10",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions that publish a fixed call-in period and then disapply it, extend it, or leave something untimed standing behind it for a transaction that should have been notified and was not.",
   "basis": "Rows classified window+gap: Belgium, Canada, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Ireland, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, the United Kingdom.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-untimed",
   "figure": "27",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions with no limitation period at all on the power to review a completed transaction.",
   "basis": "Rows classified untimed.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-none",
   "figure": "10",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions with no post-closing screening power to reopen a completed transaction.",
   "basis": "Rows classified none: Brazil, Indonesia, Israel, Malaysia, Nigeria, Serbia, Switzerland, Turkey, UAE, Ukraine.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-sanction",
   "figure": "3",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions where the only limitation period bounds the power to fine, leaving the review power itself unbounded.",
   "basis": "Rows classified sanction: Romania, Spain, Sweden.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-with-instrument",
   "figure": "46",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions in Release 02 that have a screening instrument in which a sector could be named. The other eight have none, so their sector cells read not applicable rather than no.",
   "basis": "54 rows less the 8 whose ai_named and semiconductors_named cells read not applicable.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-ai",
   "figure": "18",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions in Release 02 whose screening instrument, or any sector list, designation notice or implementing act made under it, expressly names artificial intelligence. The same figure names semiconductors. Romania is in neither count: its 2026 ordinance is reported to name both and could not be read on a gazette, so both cells read not verified.",
   "basis": "ai_named and semiconductors_named columns, each counted on the same rule.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-semi",
   "figure": "18",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions in Release 02 naming semiconductors, on the same rule.",
   "basis": "semiconductors_named column.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-au",
   "figure": "10 years",
   "claim": "Australia’s outer limit on the power to make an order about a completed action, the longest fixed period in the release. The last-resort powers in Part 3 Division 3 reach even a cleared action and carry no express outer limit.",
   "basis": "Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015 reg. 60A, not s. 66A of the Act, which is the citation given nearly everywhere.",
   "source": "Foreign Acquisitions and Takeovers Regulation 2015 (Cth), reg. 60A",
   "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2015L01854/latest/text",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-pt",
   "figure": "30 days",
   "claim": "Portugal’s nominal period, the shortest in the release. It is not an outer limit: art. 4(1) runs the 30 days from completion or from the date the transaction becomes public knowledge, should that occur afterwards, so an undisclosed deal has no clock running at all.",
   "basis": "Decreto-Lei n. 138/2014, art. 4(1). The two limbs are joined by a later-of, not an or.",
   "source": "Decreto-Lei n. 138/2014 of 15 September 2014, Diario da Republica n. 177, series I",
   "url": "https://diariodarepublica.pt/dr/detalhe/decreto-lei/138-2014-56690558",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-ch",
   "figure": "2027",
   "claim": "The year Switzerland’s Investment Screening Act is expected to take effect. It was adopted on December 19, 2025 and is not in force today.",
   "basis": "Art. 25(2) leaves commencement to the Federal Council; the responsible department states that entry into force is currently foreseen for 2027 and that applications cannot yet be filed.",
   "source": "Investitionsprufgesetz of 19 December 2025, BBl 2026 31; State Secretariat for Economic Affairs",
   "url": "https://www.seco.admin.ch/de/investitionspruefung",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "ch-adopted",
   "figure": "December 19, 2025",
   "claim": "The date Switzerland’s Investment Screening Act was adopted. Its referendum period expired on April 17, 2026 and it is still not in force.",
   "aliases": [
    "April 17, 2026"
   ],
   "basis": "Bundesgesetz uber die Prufung auslandischer Investitionen of 19 December 2025, as published in the Bundesblatt, which prints the expiry of the referendum period on its face.",
   "source": "Investitionsprufgesetz, BBl 2026 31",
   "url": "https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/filestore/fedlex.data.admin.ch/eli/fga/2026/31/de/pdf-a/fedlex-data-admin-ch-eli-fga-2026-31-de-pdf-a.pdf",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "jp-amend",
   "figure": "June 5, 2026",
   "claim": "The date Japan’s amending Act to the Foreign Exchange and Foreign Trade Act was promulgated. It takes effect on a date to be fixed by Cabinet Order, no later than June 5, 2027.",
   "aliases": [
    "June 5, 2027"
   ],
   "basis": "Ministry of Finance announcement of promulgation; the outline provides for commencement on a day fixed by Cabinet Order within one year of promulgation.",
   "source": "Ministry of Finance, promulgation of the amending Act",
   "url": "https://www.mof.go.jp/policy/international_policy/gaitame_kawase/press_release/20260312152131.html",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-eu-nolimit",
   "figure": "16",
   "claim": "EU Member States in Release 02 that currently have no outer limit on the power to review a completed transaction, or none on anything but a fine. For each, the five-year maximum in art. 4(4) would be the first outer limit its regime has carried.",
   "basis": "Rows in the European Union region classified untimed or sanction, of 27.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-hr",
   "figure": "November 13, 2025",
   "claim": "The date Croatia’s Foreign Investment Screening Act took effect. Croatia was recorded as having no mechanism in the first cut of this release, on the strength of the Commission’s list of notified mechanisms.",
   "basis": "Art. 32: the Act enters into force on the eighth day after publication in Narodne novine 136/2025 of November 5, 2025; confirmed by the Ministry of Finance.",
   "source": "Zakon o provjeri stranih ulaganja, Narodne novine 136/2025",
   "url": "https://narodne-novine.nn.hr/clanci/sluzbeni/2025_11_136_2010.html",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-cy",
   "figure": "April 2, 2026",
   "claim": "The date Cyprus’s foreign-investment screening Law began to apply. Cyprus was also recorded as having no mechanism in the first cut of this release.",
   "basis": "S. 20 of N. 194(I)/2025, gazetted November 14, 2025, provides that the Law enters into force on April 2, 2026.",
   "source": "N. 194(I)/2025, Official Gazette No. 5061",
   "url": "https://www.gov.cy/mof/en/documents/foreign-direct-investment-screening/",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-is",
   "figure": "January 1, 2027",
   "claim": "The date Iceland’s Act No. 84/2026 begins to apply. Until then the power in force is the eight-week stop in art. 12 of Act No. 34/1991, measured from the Minister becoming aware, so Iceland is classified on the law in force rather than the law enacted.",
   "basis": "Commencement provision of Act No. 84/2026, recorded in the dataset’s in_force_from cell.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-late2025",
   "figure": "2025",
   "aliases": [
    "late 2025"
   ],
   "claim": "The year Croatia and Cyprus each enacted a foreign-investment screening regime, after the Commission’s list of notified mechanisms relied on for the first cut of this release.",
   "basis": "Narodne novine 136/2025 of November 5, 2025; N. 194(I)/2025 gazetted November 14, 2025.",
   "source": "By the Numbers, Release 02",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-21",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "macao-svc",
   "figure": "April 12, 1999",
   "claim": "The date from which the 1965 Hague Service Convention entered into force for Macao, by Portugal’s extension before the handover.",
   "basis": "HCCH declarations and notifications page for Convention No. 14, entry for China (Macao SAR).",
   "source": "HCCH, Declarations and notifications, Convention No. 14",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "macao-evd",
   "figure": "December 14, 1999",
   "claim": "The date from which the 1970 Hague Evidence Convention entered into force for Macao, by Portugal’s extension.",
   "basis": "HCCH declarations and notifications page for Convention No. 20, entry for China (Macao SAR).",
   "source": "HCCH, Declarations and notifications, Convention No. 20",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=82",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "macao-china",
   "figure": "December 20, 1999",
   "claim": "The date from which China notified the depositary that both the 1965 and the 1970 Conventions apply to the Macao SAR, assuming the resulting international rights and obligations.",
   "basis": "China’s notes to the depositary, reproduced on the HCCH declarations pages for Conventions Nos. 14 and 20.",
   "source": "HCCH, Declarations and notifications, Conventions Nos. 14 and 20",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=17",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hague-union",
   "figure": "41",
   "claim": "Entries with a Hague treaty route for a judgment, counting the 2005 Choice of Court Convention or the 2019 Judgments Convention. The two instruments overlap but do not nest.",
   "basis": "Recomputed from the release dataset: 39 with the 2005 Convention in force, 33 with the 2019, of which 8 have only the 2005 and 2 only the 2019.",
   "source": "cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hcch-ny",
   "figure": "92",
   "claim": "Of the 94 Members of the Hague Conference, the number bound by the 1958 New York Convention. Reported as the non-discretionary alternative to the 116-entry sample.",
   "basis": "Recomputed from the release dataset over rows where hcch_member is yes.",
   "source": "cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "swiss-art22",
   "figure": "September 18, 2024",
   "claim": "The date of Switzerland’s declaration under Article 22 of the 2005 Choice of Court Convention, so far the only such declaration, which because Article 22 operates reciprocally is not yet operative between any two Contracting Parties.",
   "basis": "HCCH status table for Convention No. 37, declarations column, and the notifications page for Switzerland.",
   "source": "HCCH, Status table and declarations, Convention No. 37",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/instruments/conventions/status-table/?cid=98",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hj-member-pct",
   "figure": "35 percent",
   "claim": "The share of the 94 Members of the Hague Conference with the 2019 Judgments Convention in force: 33 of 94. Reported as the non-discretionary alternative to the 116-entry sample.",
   "basis": "Recomputed from the release dataset over rows where hcch_member is yes.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "nonmember-ny",
   "figure": "21",
   "claim": "Of the 22 rows in Release 01 that are not Members of the Hague Conference, the number bound by the 1958 New York Convention. All 22 are outside the 2019 Judgments Convention. Kosovo is the single exception on the New York column.",
   "basis": "Recomputed from the release dataset over rows where hcch_member is not yes.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "g20-ny",
   "figure": "19",
   "claim": "Of the 19 states of the Group of Twenty represented in Release 01, the number party to the 1958 New York Convention: all of them. Reported as a sensitivity test on the sample.",
   "basis": "Recomputed from the release dataset over the 19 G20 member states; the European Union, also a G20 member, is excluded because only states may accede to the New York Convention.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "g20-hj",
   "figure": "4",
   "claim": "Of the same 19 G20 states, the number with the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention in force. On the 20-row basis including the European Union it is 5.",
   "basis": "Recomputed from the release dataset.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-primary",
   "figure": "42",
   "claim": "Rows in Release 02 read at a government’s own site: the national gazette, the consolidated statute, or the responsible regulator’s page. The other 12 rest on a reproduction, and the source_tier column names which kind for every row.",
   "basis": "Counted from the source_tier column of the published CSV: 42 government_primary, 9 intergovernmental_reproduction, 2 research_reproduction, 1 private_reproduction. The earlier figure of 45 was derived from the confidence sentences rather than from the addresses actually relied on.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "42 rows",
    "42 read"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-nothing-expires",
   "figure": "30",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions in Release 02 in which nothing about the review power expires: the 27 with no limitation period at all plus the 3 in which only the fine is timed. The two buckets answer the same question and are read together.",
   "basis": "Recomputed from the release dataset.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hu-knowledge",
   "figure": "18 months",
   "claim": "Hungary: the knowledge-triggered limb under the security regime, running from the supervising body learning of the deal. It is shorter than the five-year absolute bar, so it caps the authority rather than extending it.",
   "basis": "Read from the row’s own recorded periods; Act LVII of 2018 and Act L of 2025, cited in the dataset’s provision_refs.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hu-broad",
   "figure": "6 months",
   "claim": "Hungary: the knowledge-triggered limb under the broad regime, alongside the same five-year absolute bar.",
   "basis": "Read from the row’s own recorded periods.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-29",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-44-loosen",
   "figure": "2",
   "claim": "EU Member States where Article 4(4) lengthens post-closing exposure rather than shortening it: Portugal, whose opposition period on its only track is 30 days, and Finland, whose call-in power exists only in the defense and security sector, which is the authorization track Article 4(4) does not govern.",
   "basis": "Computed from the published file against the 15-month floor in Article 4(4), with one row read from its own call_in_post_closing cell rather than from the numeric column: Finland’s untimed power is confined to the sector for which prior confirmation is mandatory, and outside it the row records that notification is voluntary and there is no call-in power at all, so on the Article 4(4) track Finland has nothing today. Portugal’s mandatory_notification cell reads no, so its 30-day period is the Article 4(4) track.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market",
    "brief"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "two"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-44-flat",
   "figure": "10",
   "claim": "EU Member States already sitting inside the Article 4(4) band, so the Regulation moves their outer limit not at all.",
   "basis": "Computed from the published file: outer limits of 15, 24 or 60 months in Belgium, Cyprus, Czechia, Denmark, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "ten"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-outer-60",
   "figure": "60",
   "claim": "Months in the five-year ceiling Article 4(4) sets on the own-initiative review of an investment not subject to a prior authorization requirement, and the outer limit already carried by Belgium and Cyprus for an unnotified deal.",
   "basis": "Reg (EU) 2026/1386, art. 4(4), read against the outer_limit_unnotified_months column of the published file.",
   "source": "Regulation (EU) 2026/1386, art. 4(4)",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2026/1386/oj/eng",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "60 months"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r1-ny-only",
   "figure": "30",
   "claim": "Entries in Release 01 that are party to the New York Convention and to none of the other four multilateral instruments in the file.",
   "basis": "Computed across the five multilateral columns of the published CSV.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "front",
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "Thirty entries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r1-two-instruments",
   "figure": "14",
   "claim": "Entries in Release 01 that are party to exactly two of the five multilateral instruments, the smallest group in a distribution that is bimodal rather than graded.",
   "basis": "Computed across the five multilateral columns of the published CSV: 2 entries at none, 30 at one, 14 at two, 32 at three, 11 at four and 27 at five.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "r1-svc-not-ev",
   "figure": "13",
   "claim": "Entries that take service under the 1965 Convention and do not take evidence under the 1970. Three go the other way.",
   "basis": "Set difference computed on the hague_service_1965 and hague_evidence_1970 columns of the published CSV.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 01 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/cross-border-enforcement-network-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "Thirteen entries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-ai-both",
   "figure": "15",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions in Release 02 that name both artificial intelligence and semiconductors in their screening scope. Eighteen name each, and they are not the same eighteen.",
   "basis": "Intersection of the ai_named and semiconductors_named columns of the published CSV; the union is 21, taken over the 46 jurisdictions with a screening instrument.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "Fifteen name both"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-same-answer",
   "figure": "34",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions of the 44 with a post-closing power whose outer limit is the same whether or not the deal was notified. In 30 of them the answer is that nothing expires.",
   "basis": "Computed from the outer_limit_months and outer_limit_unnotified_months columns of the published CSV: 44 rows with a power, of which 10 give a different answer for an unnotified deal.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "ra-transitional",
   "figure": "June 25, 2023",
   "claim": "The date from which the Representative Actions Directive’s transposing provisions apply to actions brought, and from which its limitation-suspension rules reach an infringement. It bounds how far back an acquired end-user term can be actioned.",
   "basis": "Directive (EU) 2020/1828, art. 22(1) and (3), read verbatim from the CELEX PDF.",
   "source": "Directive (EU) 2020/1828, art. 22",
   "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32020L1828",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "cornerstone"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "25 June 2023"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-reproduction",
   "figure": "12",
   "claim": "Rows in Release 02 that rest on a reproduction rather than on a government’s own site: nine intergovernmental, two research, one private.",
   "basis": "Counted from the source_tier column of the published CSV.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "12 from a reproduction"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-no-date",
   "figure": "40",
   "claim": "Jurisdictions of the 44 with a post-closing power that give the buyer no date fixed by his own transaction after which the general call-in power lapses.",
   "basis": "44 rows with a power, less the 4 classified window.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "forty"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "hcch-member-states",
   "figure": "93",
   "claim": "States in the Release 01 sample that are Members of the Hague Conference on Private International Law. The European Union is the ninety-fourth Member and is not a state.",
   "basis": "hcch_member column of the published dataset, less the European Union row.",
   "source": "HCCH, Members",
   "url": "https://www.hcch.net/en/states/hcch-members",
   "checked": "2026-08-31",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "r2-44-ceiling-range",
   "figure": "3 to 15",
   "claim": "EU Member States whose general call-in power Article 4(4) would newly cap at five years. The file records sixteen with no outer limit today, but does not classify each untimed power onto the Article 4(4) track, so the supported statement is a range rather than a count.",
   "basis": "post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv, columns outer_limit_months, outer_limit_unnotified_months and call_in_post_closing, read against Reg (EU) 2026/1386, art. 4(4), which is confined to an investment not subject to a prior authorization requirement. On the published cells only Bulgaria, Romania, and Sweden record an untimed power that is not conditioned on a missing filing; Lithuania’s reads either way; the remainder record exposure arising from closing without a required authorization, which is the Article 4(5) track. Resolving each row would need a fresh reading of the national instrument on the point, which Release 02 did not carry.",
   "source": "Conflicts & Capital, By the Numbers, Release 02 (dataset)",
   "url": "https://conflictsandcapital.netlify.app/data/post-closing-reach-2026-08.csv",
   "checked": "2026-09-08",
   "where": [
    "whats-market"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "three of the 27",
    "at most fifteen"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "chair-ida-bond",
   "figure": "$3 billion",
   "claim": "Size of the five-year bond the World Bank’s International Development Association priced on September 15, 2026, its first dollar global bond sold without SEC registration.",
   "basis": "Stated in the issuer’s announcement.",
   "source": "World Bank, press release (Sept. 15, 2026)",
   "url": "https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2026/09/15/ida-prices-first-sec-exempted-us-dollar-global-bond-broadening-ida-s-access-to-add",
   "checked": "2026-09-28",
   "where": [
    "chair"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "chair-gbtd-banks",
   "figure": "seven",
   "claim": "Participants listed by UK Finance in the Great British Tokenised Deposit initiative.",
   "basis": "Seven named initiative participants, not a claim that every participant executed each transaction.",
   "source": "UK Finance, GBTD initiative",
   "url": "https://www.ukfinance.org.uk/tokenised-sterling-deposits-gbtd-initiative",
   "checked": "2026-09-29",
   "where": [
    "chair"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "seven participants"
   ]
  },
  {
   "id": "chair-cs-guarantee",
   "figure": "CHF 9 billion",
   "claim": "Ceiling of the federal loss guarantee authorized by the Swiss emergency ordinance of March 2023 for the UBS acquisition of Credit Suisse.",
   "basis": "Stated in the opinion’s account of the emergency ordinance.",
   "source": "Creditincome Ltd. v. Swiss Confederation, No. 25-2733 (2d Cir. July 16, 2026), slip op. at 7–8",
   "url": "https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/OPN/25-2733_opn.pdf",
   "checked": "2026-09-28",
   "where": [
    "chair"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "chair-at1-writedown",
   "figure": "CHF 16.5 billion",
   "claim": "Approximate face amount of Credit Suisse Additional Tier 1 bonds written down to zero under FINMA’s order of March 19, 2023.",
   "basis": "Stated in the court’s release on its partial decision. The Second Circuit gives the amount in dollars, as $17.3 billion; the column uses the Swiss franc figure.",
   "source": "Swiss Federal Administrative Court, media release on case B-2334/2023 (Oct. 1, 2025)",
   "url": "https://www.bvger.ch/en/newsroom/media-releases/unlawful-write-off-of-at1-capital-instruments-2385",
   "checked": "2026-09-28",
   "where": [
    "chair"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "chair-dtc-holdings",
   "figure": "$372 million",
   "claim": "Credit Suisse AT1 bonds held through the Depository Trust Company by the investors who sued Switzerland in New York.",
   "basis": "Stated in the opinion.",
   "source": "Creditincome Ltd. v. Swiss Confederation, No. 25-2733 (2d Cir. July 16, 2026)",
   "url": "https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/OPN/25-2733_opn.pdf",
   "checked": "2026-09-28",
   "where": [
    "chair"
   ],
   "aliases": []
  },
  {
   "id": "chair-four-days",
   "figure": "four days",
   "claim": "Time between the Swiss officials’ instruction to Credit Suisse on March 15, 2023, as alleged in the bondholders’ complaint, and the announcement of the UBS merger on Sunday, March 19.",
   "basis": "Dates as stated in the opinion, which accepted the complaint’s allegations as true on appeal.",
   "source": "Creditincome Ltd. v. Swiss Confederation, No. 25-2733 (2d Cir. July 16, 2026), slip op. at 6",
   "url": "https://ww3.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/OPN/25-2733_opn.pdf",
   "checked": "2026-09-28",
   "where": [
    "chair"
   ],
   "aliases": [
    "Within four days"
   ]
  }
 ]
}